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All rights reserved. Sign in to annotate. We predicted that the grammatical items would be more severely affected than the lexical items in agrammatic speech, when compared to non-brain-damaged speech, and that that the lexical items would be more severely affected than the grammatical items in fluent aphasic speech, when compared to non-brain-damaged speech.
Both predictions were confirmed by our study. Our results support the functional theory tested. More importantly, since the grammatical and lexical items we contrasted do not only belong to the same open class verbs — they are in fact distributionally distinct instances of the same word forms — the results present a strong argument for abandoning theoretically unanchored distinctions between closed- and open-word classes and between function and content words when investigating the grammar-lexicon contrast.
Demographic data of the Agrammatic and fluent aphasic speakers and the non-brain-damaged NBD control speakers. The authors would like to thank Dr. Laura S. Bos and Dr. Roel Jonkers for allowing us to use the spontaneous speech data they collected. Abuom, Tom O. Characteristics of Swahili-English bilingual agrammatic spontaneous speech and the consequences for understanding agrammatic aphasia. Journal of Neurolinguistics Bastiaanse, Roelien.
The retrieval and inflection of verbs in the spontaneous speech of fluent aphasic speakers. Why reference to the past is difficult for agrammatic speakers.
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Subjectification and the development of episthemic meaning: The case of promise and threaten. Westvik eds. Trousdale, Graeme. On the relationship between grammaticalization and constructionalization. Folia Linguistica Williams, Sarah E. Word-building or formation is the process of creating words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic patterns.
There are productive major or basic, principle and non-productive minor or secondary ways of creating words in the English language. The main and productive types of word-building in English are affixation, word-compounding, conversion, shortening; the minor types of creating words are back-formation, reduplication, blending, sound-interchange, stress-interchange, sound-imitation.
Major types of word-formation - Affixation and types of affixation, Prefixation, Conversion is a characteristic feature of the English word-building system. It is also called affixless derivation or zero-suffixation. Verbs and Nouns , Compound words and their types, Shortening. Minor types — Blending Blends are words formed from a word-group or two synonyms.
In blends two way of word-building are combined: abbreviation and composition. To form a blend we clip the end of the first component and the beginning of the second component.
As a result we have a compound-shortened word. Cinemadict from cinema addict, chunnel from canal and channel, dramedy from drama and comedy, faction from fact fiction-fiction based on real facts, informecial from information commercial, medicare from medical care, slanguist from slang linguist , Back-formation It is the way of word-building when a word is formed by dropping the final morpheme to form a new word reversion.
Instead of a noun made from a verb by affixation, a verb was produced from a noun by substraction. It is opposite to suffixation that is why it is called back-formation. At first it appeared in the language as a result of misunderstanding the structure of a borrowed word. F: to collocate from collocation, to compute from computer, to emote from emotion, to televise from television, painter from to paint, to baby sit from baby sitter. Reduplication is the morphological process by which a morpheme is repeated, thereby creating a new word with a different word class.
There are two types of reduplication: partial which reduplicates only part of the morpheme and full in which the entire morpheme is reduplicated , Sound-interchange Some sounds are changed to form a new word. It is non-productive in Modern English, it was productive in old English and can be met in other Indo-European languages. In many cases we have vowel and consonant interchange.
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