The coracoid process is a projection off of the scapula that points straight out to the front of the body. This piece of the scapula bone is important because it has muscles and ligaments attached that help hold the clavicle, the shoulder joint, and humerus.
There are ligaments from the coracoid that help keep the clavicle in place; these can be torn in some AC acromioclavicular joint dislocations. One of the heads of the biceps attaches to the coracoid. The coracoid usually does not cause pain or have injuries but can occasionally be a cause for shoulder discomfort. The glenoid is the socket portion of the ball and socket joint of the shoulder glenohumeral joint and is part of the scapula.
It is relatively flat which allows the joint to be the most mobile joint in the body. While the joint is normally stable, lots of motion, injury or abnormality in any of the structures of the glenoid cavity can lead to joint instability.
Occasionally, the shoulder can lose motion from conditions such as arthritis or adhesive capsulitis frozen shoulder. The humerus is the long bone between the shoulder and the elbow. It has the ball of the ball and socket of the shoulder glenohumeral joint. At the other end, it has its portion of the elbow joint. The humerus serves as an attachment of many muscles and ligaments in the arm. Some of the attached muscles run all the way into the hand. The humerus typically becomes a problem only when it breaks fractures.
There are many types of humerus fractures and as a result, the treatments for these fractures are quite variable. The radius is one of the two forearm bones and is on the thumb side of the forearm near the hand, but is always on the outside of the elbow. The position of the radius changes depending on how the hand is turned because the radius twists around the other forearm bone, the ulna. At the elbow, the radius is part of the odd shaped joint between the humerus and the two forearm bones.
The joint between the radius and humerus by itself is like a ball and socket joint, with the radius forming the socket. The radius has many muscular attachments to move the elbow, forearm, wrist and fingers. The end of the radius leads to the wrist joint. The radius and ulna are joined by cartilage joints at the elbow and at the wrist.
They are also joined by multiple ligaments. There are many ways that people injure the radius and the forearm. Breaking this bone is common because when we fall, the hands and arms are typically used to break the fall. The ulna is one of the two forearm bones and is on the small finger side of the forearm. Unlike the radius, this bone does not twist, so when the hand changes position, the ulna is always in the same position on the inside part of the forearm.
Like the radius, the ulna has joints at the elbow and wrist. The joint between the ulna and humerus is a hinge type of joint. At the wrist, the ulna has a smaller surface in contact with the wrist bones and typically bears less of the force from the hand and wrist. The ulna is joined to the radius throughout the forearm with cartilage joints at the elbow and wrist and multiple ligaments connecting to the radius through the whole length of the forearm.
Like the radius, breaking the ulna bone is a common reason for problems with the ulna. The scaphoid is a bone in the wrist. It is part of the first row of wrist bones, but it helps to link the two rows of wrist bones together. Most of the scaphoid is covered with cartilage which contacts five other bones in the wrist and forearm.
The part of the scaphoid without cartilage is attached to ligaments and has blood vessels that come from the radial artery. Bones need blood flow to heal. A broken or fractured scaphoid can have difficulty healing, or may never heal, because of a disruption of blood flow through the scaphoid.
An intact scaphoid is important and necessary for proper wrist function because of how it interacts with the other wrist bones. The hand does most of the work by rotating and flexing. Human hands are the most effective among all animals.
The hands are also used in communication in the deaf community. The arm is basically for lifting and pulling functions. Difference Between Hand and Arm.
Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. MLA 8 Madisha, Lusi. Name required. Email required. Please note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment. There is no need to resubmit your comment.
Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. Written by : Lusi Madisha. Hand-arm vibration: Exposures to isolated and repeated shock vibrations: Review of the International Expert Workshop in Beijing. Human Body Maps. Accessed on 16 June User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury. You agree that we have no liability for any damages. It also helps to stabilize the shoulder joint. This is a small, triangular muscle that helps to extend the elbow and rotate the forearm. Anatomy and function of forearm muscles.
Anterior compartment The anterior compartment runs along the inside of the forearm. Superficial layer Flexor carpi ulnaris.
This muscle flexes and adducts the wrist. Palmaris longus. This muscle helps with flexion of the wrist, though not everyone has it. Flexor carpi radialis. This muscle allows for flexion of the wrist in addition to abduction of the hand and wrist. Pronator teres. This muscle rotates the forearm, allowing the palm to face the body.
Intermediate layer Flexor digitorum superficialis. This muscle flexes the second, third, fourth, and fifth fingers. Deep compartment Flexor digitorum profundus. This muscle also helps with flexion of the fingers. Flexor pollicis longus. This muscle flexes the thumb. Pronator quadratura. Similar to the pronator teres, this muscle helps the forearm rotate. Posterior compartment The posterior compartment runs along the top of the forearm.
Superficial layer Brachioradialis. This muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow. Extensor carpi radialis longus. This muscle helps abduct and extend the hand at the wrist joint.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis. This muscle is the shorter, wider counterpart to the extensor carpi radialis longus. Extensor digitorum. This muscle allows for the extension of the second, third, fourth, and fifth fingers. Extensor carpi ulnari.
This muscle adducts the wrist. Deep layer Supinator. This muscle allows the forearm to rotate outward so the palm faces up. Abductor pollicis longus. This muscle abducts the thumb, moving it away from the body. Extensor pollicis brevis. This muscle extends the thumb. Extensor pollicis longus.
This is the longer counterpart to the extensor pollicis brevis. Extensor indices. This muscle extends the index finger. Explore the interactive 3-D diagram below to learn more about the arm.
Anatomy and function of arm nerves. Brachial plexus The brachial plexus refers to a group of nerves that serve the skin and muscles of the arm. The brachial plexus is divided into five different divisions: Roots.
This is the beginning of the brachial plexus. Three trunks form the brachial plexus roots. These include the superior, middle, and inferior trunks. The superior trunk is a combination of the C5 and C6 roots, the middle trunk is a continuation of the C7 root, and the inferior trunk is a combination of the C8 and T1 roots. Each of the three trunks contains an anterior and posterior division, meaning there are six divisions in total. The anterior and posterior divisions of the brachial plexus combine to form three cords, known as the lateral, posterior, and medial cords.
The branches of the brachial plexus go on to form the peripheral nerves that supply the arm. Peripheral nerves The peripheral nerves of the arm provide motor and sensory functions to the arm.
The six peripheral nerves of the arm include the: Axillary nerve. Hand noun Handwriting; style of penmanship. Hand noun A person's autograph or signature. Arm verb To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms. Hand noun Personal possession; ownership. Arm verb To supply with arms or limbs. Hand noun Management, domain, control.
Arm verb To supply with armour or later especially weapons. Hand noun That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once. Arm verb To prepare a tool or a weapon for action; to activate. Hand noun card games The set of cards held by a player. Arm verb To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency.
Hand noun tobacco manufacturing A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together. Arm verb figurative To furnish with means of defence; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense. Hand noun collective The collective noun for a bunch of bananas. Arm verb To fit a magnet with an armature. Hand noun Applause. Arm adjective Poor; lacking in riches or wealth. Hand noun historical A Native American gambling game, involving guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or similar, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.
Arm adjective To be pitied; pitiful; wretched. Hand noun firearms The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim. Arm noun The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey. Hand noun A whole rhizome of ginger.
Arm noun Anything resembling an arm. Hand noun The feel of a fabric; the impression or quality of the fabric as judged qualitatively by the sense of touch. Arm noun Fig. Hand noun archaic Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance. Arm noun A branch of the military service; as, the cavalry arm was made efficient. Hand noun archaic Agency in transmission from one person to another. Hand noun obsolete Rate; price. Arm verb To furnish with arms or limbs.
Hand verb transitive To give, pass, or transmit with the hand, literally or figuratively. Arm verb To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the country. Hand verb transitive To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct. Arm verb To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a hook in angling.
Hand verb To manage. Arm verb Fig. Hand verb To seize; to lay hands on. Arm verb To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms.
Hand verb To pledge by the hand; to handfast. Arm noun a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb.
Hand verb To furl. Hand verb To cooperate. Hand noun That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw.
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